San Andrés Zautla
Region: Central Valleys
Church construction date: 17th century
Organ construction date: 1726
Organ builder: unknown
Last played: currently in use
Organ classification: 4´ table organ
Tonal base: 4´ principal
Pitch: a=415 Hz, 1/4 comma meantone temperament
Case measurements: height 2.37 m, width 1.41 m, 0.58 m depth; height from the floor 3.00 m
Keyboard: rebuilt 1997, 45 notes with a short octave, registers divided c'/c#'
Bellows: two wedge bellows, the wind trunk, and the table were built in 1997
Wind pressure: 50 m
Similar organs: Ocotepec (1721), Quiatoni (1729), Tlacochahuaya (ca. 1730), Yucuxaco (1740)
Restoration: 1991-1993, restoration of the case painting by SEDUE (Secretaría de Desarrollo Urbano y Ecología). 1996-1997, restoration of the organ by Susan Tattershall (Órganos Históricos de México); financed by Fomento Social Banamex and the Zautla community.
The organ of San Andrés Zautla is part of a group of 4´ 18th-century instruments, which share similarities in musical design, technical construction, case profile, and/or painted decoration. This organ is of medium dimensions and sits on a table like an enlarged processional organ. However, unlike 2´ table organs, these 4´ counterparts are too big and heavy to move around. The Zautla organ is a baroque gem, exquisitely painted, carved, and gilded. Each rectangular surface is decorated with the image of a saint or an archangel: on the left side, Saint Peter; the left door exterior, Archangel Saint Michael; the left door interior, Archangel Saint Raphael; the right door interior, Archangel Uriel; the right door exterior, Archangel Saint Gabriel; the right side, Saint Andrew. Even the back of the organ is painted with swirling acanthus designs (similar to Quiatoni). The façade pipes are decorated with brightly colored flowers and somewhat feline faces adorned with red bows whose mouths are formed by the openings of the pipes. The sound of this small organ is surprisingly robust and blends beautifully with the
church’s acoustics.
Before its restoration, the organ had deteriorated to the point that even the most elderly people in the town had no memory of its sound. Nevertheless, the instrument was always protected and moved from side to side when repair work was underway in the church. Amazingly, the beautiful case, the façade pipes, and most of the interior pipes managed to survive over the centuries. During the restoration, the missing keyboard, the bellows, and the bellows table were rebuilt. The short octave was recovered with extensions on the first pipes of each rank. However, the budget did not cover the restoration of the original pitch of 392 Hz, so it stayed at 415 Hz, nor of painting the extensions on the façade pipes. The organ was originally situated on the church floor midway from the altar on the right and was moved up to the new choir loft in 1999. The date of the organ’s construction, 1726, was discovered in 2000, inscribed on the central façade pipe.
SPECIFICATIONS
Left hand: 21 notes C-c’ with a short octave
1. Flautado 4´
2. Tambor
3. Veintidocena 1/2´- Quincena 1´*
4. Diecinovena 2/3´
5. Quincena 1´
6. Octava 2´
*breaks back, repeats previous octave
Right hand: 24 notes c#'-c'''
1. Flautado 1° 4´
2. Pajaritos
3. Octava 2° 2´
4. Docena 1 1/3´ - Quinta 2 2/3´*
5. Flautado 2° 4´
6. Octava 1° 2´
*breaks back, repeats previous octave